About this module
Level 1 taught you to look after yourself. Level 2 teaches you to look after the whole job and the people on it.
Who it is for. People who have finished Workplace Safety (Level 1), or who can show the same skills. National Proficiency II covers varied work, mostly routine, under limited supervision.
CTVET status. No CTVET competency-based programme in occupational health and safety was found. This module is not a CTVET curriculum. It follows CTVET's format so it can be put forward later.
Law status. Ghana's first National OSH Profile was launched on 20 October 2025 as the base for a national policy and law. A news report said Cabinet approved a workplace-safety bill for Parliament in November 2025, but in August 2026 the Minister of Employment, Labour and Jobs said the Ministry was still preparing the bill. It is not yet law. Until it is, the Labour Act 2003 and the Factories, Offices and Shops Act 1970 apply. Check with the Labour Department for any change.
Bridge from Level 1: what you already know
- Employer and worker duties; the right to leave imminent danger
- Hazard and risk; six hazard types; five-step risk assessment
- Hierarchy of controls; PPE; ISO 7010 sign colours
- Good lifting; guide weights; slips and trips
- Chemical pictograms and labels; electricity and RCDs; heat; noise
- Fire triangle; PASS; calling 112
- First-aid box; near-miss reports; 5S
Level 1 did not cover working at height, trenches, confined spaces, machine isolation, CPR, investigating accidents, or the fire-certificate rules. Level 2 covers all of these, and shows you how to earn from your skills.
How the module works
Each unit has learning outcomes, performance criteria, the range and the evidence your assessor needs. You are judged Competent or Not Yet Competent. About 70% of the time is practical, following CTVET's Oil Palm programme split of about 30% school and 70% workplace.
Unit 1 · Your legal duties and your protection
Level 1 gave you the basics of the law. Level 2 shows you how the pieces fit, and what to do when something goes wrong.
Competency standard
| Learning outcome | Performance criteria — the trainee… |
|---|---|
| 1.1 Explain the main laws | names the Labour Act duties, the Factories Act and the fire rules |
| 1.2 Explain compensation | states who is covered when a worker is hurt |
| 1.3 Know special protections | explains rules on harassment and pregnant workers |
Range. Any Ghanaian workplace. Evidence. Oral questions; law summary sheet.
The Labour Act, in more detail
- Section 118: the employer must make sure every worker works under satisfactory, safe and healthy conditions, with safe plant and systems of work, information, training and supervision, protection from toxic gases, fumes and dust, and safety appliances, fire-fighting equipment and PPE supplied at no cost to the worker. You must use the PPE supplied. An employer who fails without reasonable excuse commits an offence, punished by a fine up to 1,000 penalty units or up to three years in prison, or both.
- Section 119: if you reasonably believe there is imminent and serious danger, report to your supervisor and remove yourself. The employer may not dismiss you, withhold pay or order you back while the danger continues.
- Section 120: the employer must report occupational accidents and diseases as soon as practicable and not later than seven days.
- Sections 121–122: the Minister may make safety regulations and there is labour inspection.
The Factories, Offices and Shops Act, 1970
This older law covers the health, welfare and safety of people in factories, offices and shops. Summaries say it includes registration of workplaces, guarding of machinery, clear exits, fire equipment, first-aid supplies, reporting of accidents and limits on lifting heavy weights. Section numbers that could be checked: sections 1–2 set up the register of factories and the registration of existing factories; section 28 requires first-aid provision, with a first aider and first-aid box, in factories, offices and shops. The First Aid Regulations, 1970 (L.I. 655), made under section 30(1), require a first-aid box or cupboard in every factory, office and shop, plus one more for every 150 people employed above the first 150. Other section numbers (accident reporting, machinery, exits) are behind a paid law site and were not verified: ask the Department of Factories Inspectorate.
Compensation
Under the Workmen's Compensation law, injured workers, including casual and temporary workers, are compensated whoever was at fault. Reports say the Insurance Act 2021 (Act 1061) makes employer's liability insurance compulsory. Whether the 1987 law was repealed was not verified. If you are hurt: report it, get treatment, keep receipts and ask your employer for the insurance claim.
Harassment and pregnancy
- Sexual harassment means unwelcome, offensive or importunate sexual advances by an employer, superior or co-worker. A worker may end a contract for ill-treatment or sexual harassment.
- A pregnant worker, or a mother of a child under eight months, cannot be made to work at night (10 pm to 7 am) or overtime without her consent. Maternity leave is at least 12 weeks.
Other bodies
- Ghana National Fire Service (GNFS): fire certificates for premises (see Unit 7).
- Environmental Protection Authority: the Environmental Protection Act 2025 (Act 1124) requires registration of pesticides and industrial chemicals. Buy only registered products from licensed agro-dealers.
- NADMO: prevents and responds to disasters such as floods.
- Minerals Commission: safety rules for quarries and small-scale mining.
What nobody has told you. Most small workplaces have no safety inspector and many workers are informal. The law is still your protection. Know it, keep a written record of what happens, and ask the Labour Department when unsure.
Which law?
Name the law or body for each. (1) A worker is told to go back into a smoking store room. (2) A shop owner has no fire certificate. (3) A casual worker loses two fingers. (4) A supervisor keeps sending a worker sexual messages. (5) A farm buys an unregistered pesticide.
Law sheet
Write one page: five rights you have at work, and who you would tell if each were ignored.
Unit 2 · Job safety analysis, permits and toolbox talks
Level 1 assessed a hazard. Level 2 plans a whole job, step by step, before it starts.
Competency standard
| Learning outcome | Performance criteria — the trainee… |
|---|---|
| 2.1 Write a job safety analysis | breaks a job into steps and names hazards and controls for each |
| 2.2 Use a permit to work | fills in and follows a hot-work permit |
| 2.3 Lead a toolbox talk | gives a short talk on one safety topic |
Range. A farm, workshop or kitchen job. Evidence. JSA sheet; permit; talk observation.
Job safety analysis (JSA)
A JSA has four steps: select the job; break it into steps; find the hazards at each step; decide the controls. Choose jobs that have caused injuries or near misses, are new, or are complicated.
| Step of the job | Hazard | Control |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Carry the ladder to the roof | Strain; hitting people | Two people; carry flat |
| 2. Set up the ladder | Slipping base | Level ground; tie it |
| 3. Climb with the tools | Falling | Tools in a bag; three points of contact |
Permit to work
A permit to work is a recorded process for hazardous work. It says who may do what, where and when, and the precautions based on a risk assessment. It is also a way to tell everyone what is going on. Hot work such as welding, flame cutting, grinding or anything making sparks is a good case for a permit.
- Who is doing the work, and where
- What the work is, and for how long
- Hazards and controls (fire watch, extinguisher, sand, clear area)
- Signature of the person in charge before work starts
- Signature when work is finished and the area is checked
Toolbox talks
A toolbox talk is a short talk to the team on one safety topic. Keep it to about five to ten minutes before a shift or at a break.
- Choose one topic linked to today's job
- Say why it matters, with a local example
- Show what to do, not just what not to do
- Ask the team questions
- Write down who attended
Safe work method statement. Some employers ask for a written method statement: a step-by-step description of how a job will be done safely. No Ghana or HSE page was found that fixes its format, so treat it as good practice and use your JSA as the base.
Plan a job
- Pick a job (for example, repairing a roof, spraying a crop, welding a gate).
- Write a JSA with at least five steps.
- Fill in a hot-work permit for a welding or grinding task.
- Give a five-minute toolbox talk to the class.
JSA at home
Write a JSA for a job at home, such as changing a light bulb, cooking with gas or cleaning a gutter.
Unit 3 · Work at height, trenches and confined spaces
Falls and gas kill quietly. A short ladder and a deep pit are as dangerous as a tall building.
Competency standard
| Learning outcome | Performance criteria — the trainee… |
|---|---|
| 3.1 Use ladders safely | checks, sets up and climbs a ladder correctly |
| 3.2 Work safely near excavations | names the controls for a trench or pit |
| 3.3 Respect confined spaces | applies the never-enter and never-rescue rules |
Range. Stepladders and extension ladders; trenches and pits; tanks, wells and digesters. Evidence. Ladder check; excavation checklist; oral questions.
Ladders
- Keep three points of contact when climbing and, where possible, at the work position.
- The 1-in-4 rule: one unit out for every four units up (about 75°).
- The ladder should reach at least 1 metre (three rungs) above where you step off. Do not work off the top three rungs.
- Tie the ladder; rest it on a strong surface; check it every time before use; face the rungs; never slide down; keep your belt buckle between the side rails.
- Stepladders: all four feet on level ground with the locks engaged.
- Near electricity use non-conducting (fibreglass or timber) ladders, and keep about 6 m from overhead power lines.
- Ladders suit short, low-risk jobs: no more than about 30 minutes at a time.
On farms, the top cause of ladder falls is the ladder slipping, from poor tie-off, sloping ground, damaged feet or a bad angle.
Harnesses and scaffolds. This module does not teach scaffold building or harness use. Use a trained scaffolder, inspect scaffolds before each shift, and get training before wearing a harness. Do not buy a harness by price: check the standard marked on it (for example EN 361). A listing at GH¢68 looked suspiciously low.
Trenches and pits
No ground can be trusted to stand unsupported in all circumstances. Have props and trench sheets ready before digging. Put guard rails and toe boards at the edge, keep ladders tied and 1 m above the landing, check for buried cables and gas pipes first, and have a competent person inspect at the start of each shift and after rain or any event that affects the ground.
Confined spaces
A confined space is enclosed or mostly enclosed, with a foreseeable risk of fire, explosion, loss of consciousness, suffocation or drowning. Examples: tanks, wells, pits, biodigester chambers, grain bins.
Never enter. Never rush in to rescue. Do not enter a confined space unless it is essential, and only after a risk assessment, with trained people, air tests, ventilation and a rescue plan that does not rely on emergency services alone. Many people die trying to rescue the first person. Call for trained help.
Ladder maths
A ladder rests against a wall at a point 4.8 m high. How far out should the foot be (1-in-4 rule)? You need to step off onto a roof 4.8 m high. How long must the ladder be at minimum to extend 1 m above?
Height and trench
- Inspect a ladder with the checklist; tag any fault.
- Set up a ladder at the correct angle and tie it. Climb with three points of contact.
- Study a trench drawing: mark the props, edge barrier, ladder and a "do not stand here" zone.
- Role-play a gas-pit emergency: raise the alarm, keep others back, call 112. Nobody enters.
Dangerous spaces
List three confined spaces or deep pits near your home or farm and say who might go in without thinking.
Unit 4 · Machines, energy isolation and generators
A machine that is "off" can still start. Isolate it, lock it, test it.
Competency standard
| Learning outcome | Performance criteria — the trainee… |
|---|---|
| 4.1 Isolate a machine | follows the six isolation steps |
| 4.2 Check guards | spots missing or unsafe guards |
| 4.3 Use a generator safely | places it outdoors and refuels safely |
Range. A pump, grinder, mill or tractor; a portable generator. Evidence. Isolation record; guard check; generator checklist.
Lockout and tagout
Before cleaning, repairing or unblocking a machine, isolate it. The six steps are:
- Prepare for the shutdown (tell people).
- Shut down the machine.
- Isolate it from every energy source.
- Lock and tag the isolation point.
- Release stored energy (springs, pressure, a raised blade).
- Verify: try to start it. It must not start.
The person who locks it keeps the key.
Guards
Fixed guards, held by screws or bolts that need a tool to remove, are the first choice. Interlocked guards stop the machine starting when the guard is open. Farm machine hazards include crushing, cutting, drawing-in and entanglement. Never run a machine with the guard removed.
Tractors and PTO shafts
Tractors with overturn risk need a roll-over frame (ROPS) and a seat belt. If a tractor overturns, stay in the cab and hold on; do not jump. The PTO shaft needs a guard over the shaft and the machine end, and drive shafts guarded along their length. See the Tractor Operation manuals.
Generators
- Carbon monoxide from a generator has no colour or smell and kills. Use it outdoors only, never in a garage, store or partly closed space; opening a door or running a fan does not make it safe.
- Switch off and let the engine cool before refuelling; keep fuel in labelled containers away from heat; do not overload; do not connect it to a building's wiring directly.
Pumps and local generators. No Ghana-specific guide was found. Use the same principles: guard, isolate, outdoors, cool before refuelling.
Isolate and check
- Practise the six isolation steps on a machine that is switched off at the mains. Fill in the record.
- Inspect three machines for missing or loose guards.
- Mark a safe place for a generator and write its refuelling steps.
Machine hunt
Visit a workshop or mill. Write down any machine without a guard and what could happen.
Unit 5 · First aid at Level 2
Level 1 told you to call for help. Level 2 teaches what to do while you wait.
Competency standard
| Learning outcome | Performance criteria — the trainee… |
|---|---|
| 5.1 Give CPR | does CPR on a manikin at the right rate and depth |
| 5.2 Treat bleeding, burns, fractures | uses the correct steps for each |
| 5.3 Treat chemical, heat and snakebite | gives safe first aid and avoids harmful myths |
Range. Manikin and role play only. Evidence. Practical observation; oral questions.
This is not a first-aid certificate. Take a course from the Ghana Red Cross Society or St John Ambulance Ghana, who both run first-aid training. Course fees were not verified. Call 112 for any serious injury.
CPR for an adult
- Check for danger and response; shout for help.
- Look, listen and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds.
- Call 112 (use the speaker).
- Kneel beside the person. Put the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, the other on top.
- Press down about 5–6 cm, 100–120 times a minute.
- If trained, give 30 compressions then 2 breaths. Otherwise keep pressing.
- Continue until help arrives, the person shows signs of life, you are exhausted, or an AED arrives.
Severe bleeding
Press firmly on the wound with a clean pad. If something is stuck in the wound, do not pull it out; press on either side. Call 112. If the person is going pale and faint, lay them down, raise their legs, loosen clothing and keep them warm.
Burns
Cool under running water for at least 20 minutes. Take off rings and loose clothing, but not anything stuck. Cover with cling film or a clean plastic bag. No ice, creams or gels; do not burst blisters. See a health worker for large or deep burns.
Chemicals on skin or in the eye
Flood with plenty of clean water for at least 20 minutes and keep flushing; remove contaminated clothing; bring the label or safety data sheet to the hospital. (The 20-minute guide comes from first-aid guides rather than an official Ghana source; follow the product's own safety data sheet where it says more.)
Fractures
Keep the limb still. Support the joint above and below, and pad around it. Call 112 for open breaks, long bones, or any suspected back, neck or pelvis injury.
Recovery position
For a person who is not responding but is breathing normally: arm at right angle, other hand against cheek, bend the far knee, roll towards you and tilt the head back.
Heat exhaustion and heat stroke
Heat exhaustion: lie in cool shade, raise the legs, give water. Heat stroke is an emergency: remove outer clothing, cool with wet cloths and a fan, cold packs at the neck and armpits, call 112.
Snakebite
Snakes bite many farm workers. In Ghana there are an estimated 9,600 bites a year (2015–2019), most in young adults, and poor first-aid knowledge is blamed for bad outcomes. Antivenom is the effective treatment. Carpet vipers cause most poisonings.
First aid for West African viper bites (carpet viper and puff adder cause most bites). Check this list against the WHO snakebite pages before you teach it.
- Move away from the snake. Keep the person calm, lying down and as still as possible.
- Take off rings, watches and tight shoes or clothes from the bitten limb before it swells.
- Rest the limb in a comfortable position with a splint or sling. Do not let the person walk if you can avoid it.
- Get to a hospital that has antivenom quickly. Do not wait for "field treatment".
- If the person vomits, lay them on their side and watch their breathing.
- For pain, paracetamol is preferred. Avoid aspirin and ibuprofen, which can increase bleeding.
- Do NOT cut, suck, tie a tight band or tourniquet, use ice, electric shock, "black stones" or herbs, or rub and massage the bite.
- Do NOT use a pressure bandage on a suspected viper bite. It is meant for snakes whose venom mainly causes paralysis (some cobras and mambas), and it can make the local damage from viper venom worse. Other snakes may need other care, so get medical help whatever the snake was.
The author supplied these from a research summary that cites WHO and West African reviews; both pages are listed as summary only, so confirm with a trainer or the Ghana Health Service.
First aid practice
- Do two minutes of CPR on a manikin or cushion; a partner counts the rate.
- Dress a (pretend) bleeding wound and a burn on a partner's arm using clean materials.
- Splint a (pretend) forearm fracture.
- Practise the recovery position.
- Role-play a snakebite on a farm: what you do, who you call, how you get them to hospital.
First-aid course
Find out where and when St John Ambulance or the Red Cross runs a first-aid course nearest to you.
Unit 6 · Investigate accidents; protect your health
Don't just fix the injury. Fix the reason.
Competency standard
| Learning outcome | Performance criteria — the trainee… |
|---|---|
| 6.1 Find causes | uses the 5 Whys to reach a root cause |
| 6.2 Measure safety | works out an incidence rate |
| 6.3 Protect health | lists controls for pesticides, malaria and stress |
| 6.4 Plan for everyone | makes an evacuation plan that includes disabled workers |
Range. One real or sample accident. Evidence. Investigation sheet; evacuation plan.
Three levels of cause
- Immediate cause: what directly caused the injury (a blade, a spill, a fall).
- Underlying cause: the unsafe act or condition (guard removed, no light).
- Root cause: the failure behind them (no training, no checks, safety not a priority).
Fixing only the immediate cause will not stop a repeat.
The 5 Whys
Ask "why?" about five times until you reach a cause you can fix (five is a rule of thumb).
Example: A worker cut his hand. Why? The saw guard was off. Why? It jammed. Why? The blade was blunt. Why? No one sharpened it. Why? There is no maintenance routine. Fix: write a weekly check.
Measuring safety
Incidence rate = (recordable cases × 200,000) ÷ hours worked
200,000 stands for 100 full-time workers working 40 hours for 50 weeks. Use it to compare a year with the year before.
Work it out
A small farm had 2 recordable injuries in a year, and its workers worked 100,000 hours in total. What is the incidence rate? If it falls to 1 case next year with the same hours, what is it?
Reporting in Ghana
The employer reports within seven days (Labour Act s.120). No standard Ghana accident form was verified; use a simple form: date, time, place, person, what happened, injury, witnesses, causes found, actions, who and by when.
Pesticides
Highly hazardous pesticides do disproportionate harm. In many poorer countries they are cheap, sold in local shops and stored in homes; protective equipment sold in rural shops is often poor. In a Tanzanian study, 48% of cotton farmers had symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning in one year. Controls: buy only registered products, store them locked, labelled and out of reach of children, wear the PPE on the label, never spray against the wind, never eat or drink while spraying, wash after.
Malaria
Malaria is spread by Anopheles mosquitoes. First signs, fever, headache and chills, usually appear 10–15 days after a bite. Sleep under a net, use repellent after dusk, wear long clothes and fit screens. Africa had about 95% of the world's malaria cases and deaths in 2024. Get tested quickly if you have fever.
Stress and mental health
Heavy workload, low control, job insecurity, discrimination, harassment and bullying all harm mental health, and informal workers are more at risk. Talk to someone you trust, take breaks and report bullying. Ghana's Mental Health Act 2012 (Act 846) set up the Mental Health Authority.
A plan that includes everyone
An emergency plan must cover people with disabilities: name one helper and a back-up for each person who needs help (the buddy system), use flashing lights for deaf workers and touch signals for blind workers as well as sound, and tell people in advance who needs help. Ghana's Persons with Disability Act 2006 requires accessible public places and bans job discrimination; an audit found only 14% of public places checked had any retrofitting.
Investigate and plan
- Read an accident story from your trainer. Do a 5 Whys and write the root cause and a fix.
- Fill in an accident report form.
- Draw a workplace plan. Mark exits and write buddy plans for a wheelchair user, a deaf worker and a blind worker.
- List five pesticide controls for a farm.
Near-miss to root cause
Take one near miss from your Level 1 diary and do a 5 Whys on it.
Unit 7 · Fire rules, and safety as a business
Shops, farms and building sites need safe-work help. A trained person can supply it, honestly and legally.
Competency standard
| Learning outcome | Performance criteria — the trainee… |
|---|---|
| 7.1 Explain fire compliance | explains the fire certificate and the extinguisher tagging rules |
| 7.2 Price a safety service | prices a service with materials, time and margin |
| 7.3 Plan a safety business | chooses location, services and marketing |
Range. A small shop or farm. Evidence. Fire-readiness checklist; quote; business plan.
Fire certificates and tagging
- The Ghana National Fire Service says business and residential premises need a fire certificate, and insurers will not cover premises without one. The regulation number was reported as L.I. 1724 by one source and L.I. 2249 by another, so ask GNFS.
- GNFS runs an online system, AFCAS, to apply, pay (mobile money or card), be inspected and receive a digital certificate with a QR code.
- Published fees: fire certificate GH¢250 (residential), GH¢500 (non-residential), GH¢1,000 (commercial), plus processing fees. Check the website for today's fees.
- Owners of fire equipment have until 28 February 2027 to have extinguishers inspected and tagged. Only GNFS-AFCAS licensed Fire Protection Contractors may supply and install, and equipment must carry a QR tag.
Do not sell or install extinguishers unless you are licensed. You may sell training, first-aid kits, PPE and safety checks. You may not issue a fire certificate: only GNFS can. To work with extinguishers, join a licensed contractor or apply as a service provider on AFCAS (licence cost not verified).
Fire is a real risk: GNFS recorded 5,596 fire outbreaks from January to November 2024. In the first half of 2025, domestic fires were 36.7% of cases and commercial fires 16.1%. Western Region figures were not found.
What a trained person can earn from
- Site safety helper on small building sites; formal safety-officer jobs ask for NEBOSH or IOSH. GCTU runs an OSH Officer certificate course (details not verified).
- First-aid kit assembly and refill for shops, schools, farms, taxis and lorries.
- Toolbox talks and safety induction sold by the month to contractors and farms.
- Fire-readiness check for a small shop: exits, extinguisher date, wiring, a checklist, and help applying on AFCAS.
- PPE retail: boots, hard hats, gloves, goggles.
- First-aid training after you finish a recognised course.
Advertised prices on Jiji Ghana, 7 October 2026 (asking prices, mostly Accra and Kumasi, Western Region not checked):
| Item | Advertised price |
|---|---|
| First-aid kit, small | GH¢90–150 |
| First-aid kit, for 25 people | GH¢399 |
| First-aid kit, for 50 people | GH¢650–900 |
| Wellington boots, plain | GH¢75–80 |
| Steel-toe boots | GH¢135–260 |
| Hard hat | GH¢60–140 |
| 6 kg dry-powder extinguisher (for reference) | GH¢240–450 |
Price a safety check
For a small shop: your time 1 day at GH¢150, transport GH¢40, printed checklists GH¢20, and a first-aid kit you assemble for GH¢180 in items. Add a 30% margin. What is the price? If the owner pays half now, how much is the deposit?
Location settings that give good returns
- Markets and lorry parks: vehicle extinguishers are now checked by GNFS
- Building sites and new estates
- Fishing landing sites: a safety procedure for the Work in Fishing Convention was launched in October 2025
- Farms and agro-processing, chop bars and small kitchens
- Quarries, under Minerals Commission rules
- Near a clinic, a Red Cross or St John branch, and a GNFS station
Business ideas and ingenuity
- A monthly "safe shop" package: check, talk and restock
- A school or church safety day with first-aid demonstrations
- Safety signs in local languages (Fante) for farms and workshops
- Emergency number cards for markets (112, GNFS, clinic)
- Safety bundles for new farms: boots, gloves, first-aid kit and a snake plan
- Partner with a licensed fire contractor and earn for referrals
Market yourself
- Put your first-aid certificate and the dates you trained on your WhatsApp Business profile. WhatsApp Business has a business profile and automatic greeting and away messages.
- Set up a free Google Business Profile so people searching nearby find you; verification can be by phone, email, video call or a postcard (about 14 days).
- Take before-and-after photos (with permission), ask for referrals and leave your card at every shop.
- Being on the AFCAS directory of approved providers is itself a trust mark.
- Never claim a certificate you do not hold.
Accessibility
Offer large-print and picture checklists for workers who cannot read, and sign-language or written briefings for deaf workers. The Assemblies' disability fund rose to 5% in 2026; ask your Assembly about help with tools or training. Safety teaching should be given in a way each worker can follow, as the Labour Act requires training suited to age and literacy.
Fire-readiness and plan
- Do a fire-readiness check on a hub building with a checklist: exits, extinguisher date and tag, wiring, store.
- Price a service package and write a one-page quote.
- Write a one-page plan: services, location, price, how you will advertise, and which licences or courses you need.
AFCAS visit
Open the AFCAS website, read the steps for a fire certificate, and list what a small shop would need.
Glossary
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Competent / Not Yet Competent | The two possible results of a CBT assessment |
| JSA | Job safety analysis: steps, hazards, controls |
| Permit to work | A recorded approval for hazardous work |
| Toolbox talk | A short team talk on one safety topic |
| Confined space | An enclosed space with a risk of gas, fire or drowning |
| Lockout/tagout | Locking and tagging a machine's power so it cannot start |
| ROPS | Roll-over protective structure on a tractor |
| CPR | Pressing the chest to keep blood moving when the heart stops |
| Root cause | The failure that all other causes grow from |
| Incidence rate | Cases × 200,000 ÷ hours worked |
| AFCAS | The GNFS online system for fire certificates |
| Fire certificate | A GNFS document saying premises meet fire rules |
Logbook
Copy these pages into an exercise book. Your logbook is part of your assessment evidence.
- Unit 1: law summary sheet
- Unit 2: JSA sheet; hot-work permit; toolbox talk notes
- Unit 3: ladder check; trench drawing; gas-pit role play notes
- Unit 4: isolation record; guard check; generator checklist
- Unit 5: first-aid practice record; first-aid course enquiry
- Unit 6: 5 Whys sheet; accident report; evacuation plan
- Unit 7: fire-readiness checklist; quote; business plan
- Every homework, dated
Self-check quiz
- Within how many days must an employer report a work accident?
- Who must pay for PPE?
- Why is the second step of a JSA "break the job into steps"?
- Name three things a permit to work records.
- How far out should a ladder foot be for each 4 units up?
- Why must you never rush in to rescue someone in a confined space?
- What are the six lockout steps?
- Where should a generator be used?
- What is the compression rate and depth for adult CPR?
- How long should you cool a burn under running water?
- What is a root cause?
- Can you issue a fire certificate to a shop?
Further reading and sources
Best next reads: Ghana's Labour Act 2003, Part XV; the HSE's free guides on work at height, confined spaces and permits to work; a first-aid course from the Ghana Red Cross or St John Ambulance; the AFCAS website.
What this module does not cover: a first-aid certificate, scaffold building, harness training, permit-to-work for confined-space entry, trade-specific safety (see each hub trade manual), and Ghana accident-report forms (none verified).
Every source used in this manual is listed, with links, in the Teacher Copy.